Mastering the Rhetorical Analysis Essay on the AP Language and Composition Exam

If you’re studying for the AP Language and Composition Exam, the rhetorical analysis essay is a key component you’ll want to feel confident tackling. The essay, in short, asks you to closely read a passage and make an argument about how the author uses rhetorical strategies to build an argument and persuade an audience. Here’s what you need to know to excel.

What Is the Rhetorical Analysis Essay?

Rhetorical Analysis Essay You will be given a nonfiction passage for the essay on rhetorical analysis. You are supposed to identify and explain the techniques that the author uses in an attempt to get their message across and influence their audience. This is not about summarizing; it’s about digging into how and why this particular author decided on this and that.

How to Approach

• Read and Annotate Carefully
  Read the passage closely to begin. As you read, mark the rhetorical strategies you observe. Be on the lookout for diction, imagery, tone, syntax, and appeals to ethos, pathos, and logos. Ask yourself why the author employs each of these techniques and what he or she hopes to accomplish for the reader.
• Compose a Specific Thesis
  Using your analysis of this passage write a thesis statement in which you state your argument about the author’s rhetorical strategies. More specifically, instead of enumerating techniques, have a thesis that states the point of your central insight into the author’s overall persuasive strategy.
• Organize by Strategy or Purpose
  Some students prefer to structure the essay by a single rhetorical strategy, while some cluster points by purpose or effect. In any case, each paragraph should serve to prove your thesis and demonstrate how the authors’ strategy serves their argument.
• Use Specific Evidence and Analysis
  Quote directly from the passage to carry your points. Instead of merely naming techniques, go the extra step and explain how and why each technique works. That analysis is what’s important-it shows that you understand the author’s intention.

Common Pitfalls

• Avoid Summary: A rhetorical analysis is not a summary. You should not write about what an author says but how he expresses himself.
• Avoid Over-Using Terms: As helpful as they are, rhetorical terms like “ethos” and “pathos” should not be overused. Instead, learn about the techniques that actually help you present the best argument.
• Be Objective: You are to analyze the author’s strategies, not agree or disagree with the material.

Final Tips

• Practice finding rhetorical devices in all kinds of nonfiction.
• Get comfortable with close reading—understanding subtle nuances can make a big difference.

Keep in mind that AP graders look for depth of analysis and insight, so prioritize the quality over the quantity.
Having a clear, structured approach means one will be ready to take on the rhetorical analysis essay-to-perform-before-the-AP graders. Happy analyzing!